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Ago 16, 2011
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Es el procedimiento habitual en la mayoría de enfermos de tipos de cáncer muy agresivos, como el de páncreas: tras el infausto diagnóstico, el equipo médico se pone manos a la obra para intentar salvar lo que parece insalvable y prueba en los pacientes distintas combinaciones de quimioterapia, con sus consecuentes efectos secundarios. En ocasiones, la terapia funciona y el tumordesaparece o deja de crecer. Normalmente, cuando se trata de casos graves, no lo hace y los facultativos vuelven a probar otra combinación, hasta que el enfermo, o su familia, escuchan la frase que nadie quiere oír: “No hay nada más que podamos hacer”.

Pero ¿qué pasaría si, en lugar de probar las distintas quimioterapias en un paciente ya debilitado por la enfermedad y tratamientos anteriores, estas se probaran sólo en el tumor? La práctica, que suena a ciencia ficción, se ha realizado ya en hospitales de EEUU y España. En su último número, la revista Molecular Cancer Therapeutics publica una revisión de 14 casos del Hospital Universitario John Hopkins (EEUU) y del Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC, un centro privado de Madrid) con resultados positivos: un paciente lleva más de cuatro años libre de la enfermedad y otros 11 han logrado aumentar su vida más de seis meses de media, una cifra elevada para según qué tipo de tumores agresivos.

Para estudiar el efecto de las distintas quimios en el tumor sin necesidad de paciente, la biotecnológica estadounidense Champions Oncology desarrolló una idea, a la que ha bautizado como Champions Tumorgraft. Consiste en implantar una muestra del tumor del enfermo obtenida tras su extirpación quirúrgica o en una biopsia posterior en varios ratones inmunodeprimidos y esperar a que crezca. Una vez extendido, se prueban los distintos tratamientos en los animales enfermados con el tumor. A partir de ahí, se ve qué terapia es más eficaz y se le pasan los datos al oncólogo, que decide qué quimioterapia aplicar al enfermo.

Según se puede leer en el estudio, cuyo autor principal es el director del CIOCC e investigador del CNIO Manuel Hidalgo, se probaron en total 63 fármacos anticancerosos, con diferentes dosis y combinaciones. Hubo dos enfermos que no se pudieron beneficiar del esfuerzo, uno de cáncer de páncreas contra el que se probaron cuatro tratamientos y otro de un cáncer de la glándula salivar para el que se testaron 13 terapias distintas. En los otros 12, sin embargo, hubo respuesta, aunque de distinto grado.

Los autores destacan tres casos con una extraordinaria evolución. El primero de ellos mereció, incluso, su publicación individual en un número anterior de la revista, en diciembre de 2010. Se trata de un varón de 63 años que lleva más de cinco años vivo sin necesidad de tratamiento, tras demostrarse en un ratón injertado con su cáncer de páncreas que un viejo antitumoral, la mitomicina, era el tratamiento ideal para el tumor. Hidalgo comenta a este diario que este caso ayudó, además, a identificar una mutación “muy poco frecuente” que implicaba la respuesta a ese tratamiento. “Son modelos muy buenos para identificar biomarcadores”, subraya.

Ago 16, 2011
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Un estudio publicado hoy en la revista The Lancet asegura que tan solo 15 minutos de actividad física al día podrían reducir el riesgo de muerte en un 14%, e incrementa la esperanza de vida de una persona en tres años, comparada con la de aquellas personas que son físicamente inactivas.

Los beneficios de la actividad física son bien conocidos, pero las ventajas de realizar menos de 150 minutos de ejercicio a la semana estaban en discusión entre los expertos. Ahora, un grupo de científicos chinos ha estudiado los hábitos de 400.000 taiwaneses que se sometieron a control médico entre 1996 y 2008. Según el ejercicio que dijeron realizar, los participantes fueron clasificados en cinco categorías: inactivos, y actividad baja, media, alta y muy alta.

Ago 16, 2011
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El mayor vertido de crudo que se ha producido en Reino Unido en la última década ha empeorado al localizar la compañía una nueva fuga, pese a que aseguró que estaba ya controlado. La filtración comenzó el pasado miércoles 10 de agosto en la plataforma petrolífera Gannet Alpha, propiedad de la empresa Royal Ductch Shell, situada en el mar del Norte, a 180 kilómetros al este de la localidad escocesa de Aberdeen (Reino Unido).

Según ha declarado el director técnico de la compañía, Glen Cayley, esta segunda fuga es muy inferior a la primera, ya que sólo supone el derrame de cinco barriles al día en comparación con los más de 1.300 barriles que se han vertido hasta la fecha.

Ago 17, 2011
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Samsung puede volver a vender la versión 10.1 de su tableta Galaxy Tab en la mayor parte de la UE después de que un tribunal alemán levantara ayer el veto que había impuesto la semana pasada, tras reconocer su falta de jurisdicción para imponer vetos fuera de Alemania.

Un juzgado de Düsseldorf decidió el pasado jueves aceptar el requerimiento judicial de Apple para paralizar la venta de la tableta Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 en la UE. La compañía de la manzana aseguró que los móviles y tabletas de la empresa coreana copiaban “servilmente” sus iPad e iPhone. En concreto, Apple acusaba a Samsung de violar 10 patentes y reclamaba la paralización inmediata de las ventas de la tableta que, según los analistas, es el rival más serio del popular iPad de Apple, líder actual del mercado.

Ayer, sin embargo, el mismo juzgado reconocía que es “cuestionable” que pueda extender su jurisdicción a compañías extranjeras que operan fuera del país y, por ello, ha levantado el veto impuesto a las ventas en la UE, aunque mantiene la prohibición en Alemania. Samsung, además, recurrió el lunes la decisión y su caso será revisado por el tribunal el próximo 25 de agosto.

There is lots of advice around about breastfeeding, but relatively little about weaning babies onto food, says Dr Helen Coulthard from Leicester's De Montfort University.

In this week's Scrubbing Up the psychology expert calls for parents to be given free cookery classes so they don't rely on packets and jars.

A recent study that I was involved in, using data collected from the ALSPAC study based at Bristol University, revealed a fifth of babies were having less than one exposure a day to fruits or vegetables. And babies who were given more home-cooked fruits and vegetables at six months were more likely to be eating more fruits and vegetables at seven years.

Although we can't say for sure if it is this early exposure to these foods that makes the difference or whether it is learned behaviour from the feeding habits of the whole family that is important, it makes sense that fresh is best.

Ready prepared baby foods are designed to be homogenised in taste and texture. One particular brand of apple puree will always taste the same. However, if you make your own apple puree, the variety of the apple, the amount of water added and the extent to which it is mashed will vary each time. This variation gives babies an important lesson in the tastes of food; small variations are acceptable.

So it is important that babies are given foods that vary in taste and texture, and ultimately represent the foods that the family eat. Really babies should be eating foods that not only taste like the foods that the family are eating, but visually resemble them. It is actually quite a large jump from the appearance of carrot puree on a spoon to whole carrots, so food in its recognisable form needs to be introduced.

A good rule of thumb when feeding children is to never give your child something you would not be prepared to eat yourself. If you would not eat a jar of baby food, then why give it to your child?

As the main problem seems to be that parents lack the confidence to make fresh homemade foods, then I propose that free baby food cookery courses should be offered to the parents of babies. A lot of effort is spent on increasing breast-feeding rates, however little is dedicated to the early provision of fruits and vegetables, which are just as important for lifelong health.

Current free weaning courses tend to merely involve the health visitor talking to parents, and practical courses are limited to expensive private courses run in big cities. Children's centres could easily adopt such courses to reach those parents who need the most help, and kick-start a fresh approach to feeding babies.

Both marriage and divorce can trigger weight gain, according to research being presented at the American Sociological Association.

In women, marriage increased the risk of a small increase in weight (up to a three point increase in BMI) by 33%. There was a 48% higher risk of large weight gains (more than a three point BMI increase).

Newly-divorced women had a 22% increased risk of small weight gain.

Men were 28% more likely to have small increases in weight after marriage and 21% after divorce.

The report concludes: "All marital transitions act as a weight shock, encouraging small weight gains regardless of the destination marital state."

Lead author, Dmitry Tumin, said: "To some extent, marriages for women promote weight gains that may be large enough to pose a health risk."

Helen Riley at the British Nutrition Foundation charity said: "These are significant changes in someone's life. It can change their living situation and the types of food they eat.

"But different people deal with it in different ways and it can be positive for some people."

Items used in the television series Casualty are to be sold to raise funds for Bristol Children's Hospital.

The BBC show filmed its final scenes in the city where it has been based for 25 years before its move to Cardiff.

A Holby Hospital sign, scrubs worn by the character Charlie Fairhead, photo IDs used by the characters and a clapperboard used in the last programme are all to be sold.

The items will be auctioned online and funds raised donated to the hospital.

"Bristol has played a vital part in the success of Casualty and we are hugely grateful to the people of the city for putting up with us for all these years," said executive producer Jonathan Young.

Derek Thompson, who plays Charlie Fairhead, said there was good memorabilia in the auction and added the neighbouring Bristol Royal Infirmary had given a lot of support to the programme.

"It's a great way to to raise money for the Grand Appeal and to show our support for all the help the BRI has given us over the years," he said.

Casualty will join a growing stable of BBC drama programmes to be produced in new studios in Cardiff Bay, including Doctor Who and Torchwood.

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